1.CNC machine tools
CNC machine tools are a new type of mechatronic processing equipment that uses digital information to control machine tools according to given static laws for automatic processing. CNC machine tools are the product of the combination of digital control technology and machine tools. CNC technology for machine tools is achieved through CNC gantry milling machines and other machine tool processing technologies. The key to using CNC technology lies in learning and using CNC machine tools well. The CNC rate of a country's machine tools reflects the level of the country's machine tool industry and machinery manufacturing industry, and is also one of the important indicators for measuring a country's scientific and technological progress. It is of great significance to realize the automation of the production process, promote scientific and technological progress, and accelerate modernization. Developed countries regard CNC technology as a strategic focus for the development of the machinery industry, and vigorously promote and develop CNC machine tools.
3. The use of CNC machine tools
Characteristics of CNC machine tools: Compared with traditional machine tools, CNC machine tools have the following characteristics.
1) High flexibility. Processing parts on CNC machine tools mainly depends on the processing sequence. Unlike ordinary machine tools, it does not need to manufacture and replace many molds and fixtures, and does not need to frequently readjust the machine tools. Therefore, CNC machine tools are suitable for places where the processed parts are frequently replaced, that is, they are suitable for the production of single pieces and small batches of products and the development of new products, thereby shortening the production preparation cycle and saving a large amount of process equipment costs.
2) High processing accuracy. The processing accuracy of CNC machine tools can generally reach 0.05-0.1MM. CNC machine tools are controlled in the form of digital signals. For every pulse signal output by the CNC device, the moving parts of the machine tool move a pulse equivalent (generally 0.001MM), and the reverse clearance of the machine tool feed transmission chain and the average error of the lead screw pitch can be compensated by the CNC device march. Therefore, the positioning accuracy of CNC machine tools is relatively high.
3) Stable and reliable processing quality. When processing the same batch of parts on the same machine tool, under the same processing conditions, using the same tool and processing sequence, the tool path is completely the same, the parts are consistent and of stable quality.
4) High consumption rate CNC machine tools can effectively reduce the processing time and auxiliary time of parts. The spindle speed and feed rate of CNC machine tools are large, allowing the machine tools to perform strong cutting with large cutting volume. CNC machine tools are currently entering the era of high-speed processing. The rapid movement and positioning of the moving parts of CNC machine tools and high-speed cutting processing have greatly improved the consumption rate. In addition, in conjunction with the tool magazine of the machining center, it is possible to realize the continuous processing of multiple processes on a single machine tool, which reduces the inter-process turnover time of semi-finished products and improves the consumption rate.
5) Improve rest conditions. Before processing, the CNC machine tool is adjusted, the sequence is output and started, and the machine tool can automatically and continuously process until the processing is completed. All the operator has to do is to output the order, edit, load and unload parts, prepare tools, observe the processing status, test parts, etc. The labor intensity is greatly reduced, and the labor of the machine tool operator tends to be intellectual work. In addition, the machine tools are integrated, which is both clean and safe.
6) Using consumption management to process modern CNC machine tools, the processing time can be accurately predicted in advance, the tools and fixtures used can be standardized, modern management, and it is easy to realize the standardization of processing information. At present, it has been organically combined with computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM), which is the basis of modern integrated manufacturing technology.